Malaysia- 1st- National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) / Ombudspersons

By Daniel Morris | 13. January 2026

[SUHAKAM is acknowledged for the role in developing the NAP and in its work broadly on human rights in Malaysia, and that it mentioned as a Collaborative Partner in a range of actions, but that the actions listed here are those which address SUHAKAM directly.]

THEMATIC PRIORITY 1: GOVERNANCE

UNGP PILLAR 1

FOUNDATIONAL

No.: G1.5

Action: Establish an Office of the Ombudsman Malaysia

Output Indicator(s):

  • The establishment of an  Office  of  the Ombudsman Malaysia through the enactment and mandate of an Ombudsman Act, which covers  four  main elements:
  • Maladministration
  • Misconduct amongst Enforcement Agencies
  • Whistblower [sic] protection
  • Freedom of information

Collaborative Partner(s): BHEUU

No.: G1.6

Action: Amend the SUHAKAM Act to enhance the Commission’s mandate and include provisions to ensure sufficient human and

technical resources.

Output Indicator(s):

  • SUHAKAM is empowered by binding investigatory, adjudicative and mediation authority and is provided sufficient resources to address inquiries and cases related to BHR within a stipulated timeframe.
  • Inclusion of permanent seats for vulnerable groups that contributes to strengthening the role of the Commission.

Collaborative Partner(s): BHEUU; SUHAKAM

THEMATIC PRIORITY 3: ENVIRONMENT

UNGP PILLLAR 1

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

No.: E1.21

Action: Conduct a feasibility study on the ratification of the Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) of the ILO.

Output indicators:

  • Evidence, insights and recommendations are developed that define entry points towards the ratification Convention.
  • Policy reforms and institutional measures are undertaken in alignment with SUHAKAM’s National Inquiry into the Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia (2013) report.
  • Indigenous representatives are formally included in the policy process at both federal and state levels.

Collaborative partner(s): KKDW; SUHAKAM; related State agencies; IGOs; CSOs; EHRDs

No.: E1.26

Action: Ensure thorough investigations are conducted where reprisals against human rights defenders are found. Ensure thorough investigations are conducted where reprisals against human rights defenders are found.

Output Indicator(s):

  • Coordination meetings are held between SUHAKAM, civil society, and enforcement agencies on protection mechanisms.
  • Number of investigation reports completed and submitted to the relevant authorities.

Collaborative Partner(s): Businesses